C++循环语句for, while, do-while
C++基础语法,包含C++循环语句for, while, do-while
1. for循环
for (int i = 5; i < 0; i--)
cout << "i=" << i <<endl;
阶乘运算:
```C++ formore.cpp
#include
int main() { long long factorials[SIZE]; factorials[1] = factorials[0] = 1LL;
for (int i = 2; i < SIZE; i++)
factorials[i] = i * factorials[i-1];
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] <<endl;
return 0; } ```
执行结果:
0! = 1
1! = 1
2! = 2
3! = 6
4! = 24
5! = 120
6! = 720
7! = 5040
8! = 40320
9! = 362880
10! = 3628800
11! = 39916800
12! = 479001600
13! = 6227020800
14! = 87178291200
15! = 1307674368000
2. while循环
while循环是没有初始化和更新部分的for循环,只有测试条件和循环体。 循环的指导原则:
- 指定循环终止的条件
- 在首次测试之前初始化条件
- 在条件被再次测试之前更新条件
示例代码:
// while.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const int SIZE = 20;
int main() {
char name[SIZE];
cout << "Enter your name: ";
cin >> name;
int i = 0;
while(name[i] != '\0') {
cout << name[i] << " : " << int(name[i]) <<endl;
i++;
}
return 0;
}
执行结果:
Enter your name: wizzie
w : 119
i : 105
z : 122
z : 122
i : 105
e : 101
2.1. 类型别名
- 使用预处理器
#define BYTE char
- 使用关键字
typedef
,例如typedef char * byte_pointer;
3. do while循环
不同于前两种循环,他是出口条件循环
。首先执行循环体,然后判断测试表达式。
4. 基于范围的for循环(C++11新增)
对数组或者容器类(例如vector, array)的每个元素执行相同的操作。For example:
double prices[3] = {2.33, 4122.2, 321.33};
for (double x : prices)
std::cout << x <<std::endl;
5. 嵌套循环
for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < 5; ++col)
cout << maxtemps[row][col] << "\t";
cout << endl;
}
5.1. 二维数组
int btus[3][2] =
{
{23, 31},
{23, 532},
{31243, 4231}
};
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